If males gave song vocalizations within 12 m of the nest, they came to the nest 64% of the times that their mate responded with a non-matching song type, 36% of the times that she did not sing, and only 9% of the times that she sang a song that matched the male's (i.e., shared at least 1 of the syllable types in the male’s song). During the nestling period of 9 pairs in south-central Wisconsin, when males gave chip calls without song within 12 m of the nest, they came to the nest on average 80% of the times that their mate responded with song, compared to only 45% of the times that she did not sing. Correlations between female song and subsequent male behavior indicate that the male's baseline rate of bringing food to the nest can be either raised or lowered by song messages from the female. This information may allow the visually conspicuous male to restrict his visits to the nest to times when food is needed, thus reducing flights that may alert predators to the nest's location. Nest-vicinity song exchanges may coordinate biparental care of Northern Cardinals. dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. Singing from the nest: Intrapair communication in Cardinals. Female song from the nest appears to provide information to the mate about when to come to the nest with food (and may also convey information specifically about when to stay away) ( 242 These songs and vocal exchanges range from brief and simple to elaborate. Canadian Journal of Ornithology 84(6): 916–919.įemales sing from the nest while incubating and brooding, generally in response to their nearby mate's chip calls or songs. Singing in the shade: Song and song posts of Northern Cardinals near nesting Cooper’s Hawks. Male cardinals singing within 100 m of Cooper's Hawk ( Accipiter cooperii) nests, sing from less-exposed perches than do male cardinals singing from matched sites without Cooper's Hawk nests, presumably to reduce the risk of being preyed upon, and also implying a communicative advantage to singing from exposed perches when the risk of predation is lower ( 258ĭuncan, W. Females usually sing from shrubs or lower perches in trees, and usually sing at lower amplitude than males, but occasionally sing from high, exposed perches, and occasionally sing as loudly as is typical for males (SLH, JMJ). , SUL) males sometimes sing from low perches in trees or shrubs, and occasionally from the ground, generally at lower amplitude than when singing from higher song perches (SLH). dissertation, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA. Ecology and behavior of the Cardinal, Richmondena cardinalis (L), in southern Indiana.
Cardinal call sound series#
Songs are typically pure-toned, whistle-like series of repeated syllables whose fundamental frequencies range from approximately 1–8 kHz consecutive syllables of songs are separated by silent intervals of 10 m above ground, with 4–7 per territory ( 67
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